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Following Directions

Following Directions

Five kinds of direction - basic, sequential, quantitative, temporal and conditional - at one, two and three steps, with nothing to set up.

Mastered by
ASHA places following a two-step direction ("Get the spoon, and put it on the table") in the 19-to-24-month band
Practice items
150
Sections
15

Play it

Each one opens full screen, already set to this skill.

What this skill is

Following a direction is a listening and memory task as much as a language one. A child has to hold the whole instruction, work out the order, and act - and each extra step or extra concept costs them something. That is why "put the book on the shelf" can succeed while "before you put the book on the shelf, close it" fails, even though the vocabulary is the same.

What to expect

When a two-step direction is too much, the usual result is that only one step gets done - often the last one heard. That is a working memory limit, not defiance, and the giveaway is that both steps succeed when given separately. Directions with concepts inside them (first, before, the big one) are harder again, because the concept has to be decoded while the list is being held.

Try this at home

Cooking and tidying are full of real two-step directions with a visible result: "Get the spoon and put it in the bowl." Resist repeating it immediately. Give the child a few seconds - the pause is often all they need, and repeating too fast teaches them not to bother listening the first time.

When to refer

Cannot follow a two-step direction by about 3;6, or needs every direction repeated at 5 despite normal hearing.

Put it into practice

Tap any item below to open it full screen, one at a time, so a child can answer without reading the answer first.

These activities are a starting point, not the practice itself. A structured task is a good way to introduce a form and to find out whether a child has it yet. What actually moves it into everyday speech is using it in the real world and in ordinary play — which means the four things below matter more than finishing the list.

  • Recast

    Say their sentence back correctly, without asking them to repeat it. Child: “he goed.” You: “he went! Where did he go?”

  • Expand

    Add one or two words to what they said and hand it back. Child: “big truck.” You: “a big red truck!”

  • Simplify what you ask

    Cut a long instruction into single steps and say them in the order they happen, rather than repeating the long one louder.

  • Follow their lead

    Use whatever they are already playing with. A form practiced on something they chose is the one that shows up again tomorrow.

One step: Basic

10 items

One action. The difficulty comes from the attributes piled on it: which hand, how fast, how loud. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

One step: Sequential

10 items

Several actions in the order they are given. This is the one people mean by "following directions". Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

One step: Quantitative and spatial

10 items

A number or a position word carries the meaning: two, both, top, between, in front of. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

One step: Temporal

10 items

"Before" and "after", moved around the sentence so the order of the words is not the order of the actions. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

One step: Conditional

10 items

"If", with "if not". The child has to check something before deciding what to do. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Two steps: Basic

10 items

One action. The difficulty comes from the attributes piled on it: which hand, how fast, how loud. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Two steps: Sequential

10 items

Several actions in the order they are given. This is the one people mean by "following directions". Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Two steps: Quantitative and spatial

10 items

A number or a position word carries the meaning: two, both, top, between, in front of. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Two steps: Temporal

10 items

"Before" and "after", moved around the sentence so the order of the words is not the order of the actions. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Two steps: Conditional

10 items

"If", with "if not". The child has to check something before deciding what to do. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Three steps: Basic

10 items

One action. The difficulty comes from the attributes piled on it: which hand, how fast, how loud. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Three steps: Sequential

10 items

Several actions in the order they are given. This is the one people mean by "following directions". Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Three steps: Quantitative and spatial

10 items

A number or a position word carries the meaning: two, both, top, between, in front of. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Three steps: Temporal

10 items

"Before" and "after", moved around the sentence so the order of the words is not the order of the actions. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Three steps: Conditional

10 items

"If", with "if not". The child has to check something before deciding what to do. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.

Patchy's Ice Cream Shop

Open full screen

Patchy orders, the child builds it. Pick how many steps and which kind of direction, then drag the cup or cone, the scoops and the toppings onto the counter exactly the way Patchy asked. You decide whether it matches.

How many steps?

How much each order carries.

What kind of direction?

A different kind every order.