Following Directions
Following Directions
Five kinds of direction - basic, sequential, quantitative, temporal and conditional - at one, two and three steps, with nothing to set up.
- Mastered by
- ASHA places following a two-step direction ("Get the spoon, and put it on the table") in the 19-to-24-month band
- Practice items
- 150
- Sections
- 15
Play it
Each one opens full screen, already set to this skill.
What this skill is
Following a direction is a listening and memory task as much as a language one. A child has to hold the whole instruction, work out the order, and act - and each extra step or extra concept costs them something. That is why "put the book on the shelf" can succeed while "before you put the book on the shelf, close it" fails, even though the vocabulary is the same.
What to expect
When a two-step direction is too much, the usual result is that only one step gets done - often the last one heard. That is a working memory limit, not defiance, and the giveaway is that both steps succeed when given separately. Directions with concepts inside them (first, before, the big one) are harder again, because the concept has to be decoded while the list is being held.
Try this at home
When to refer
Put it into practice
Tap any item below to open it full screen, one at a time, so a child can answer without reading the answer first.
These activities are a starting point, not the practice itself. A structured task is a good way to introduce a form and to find out whether a child has it yet. What actually moves it into everyday speech is using it in the real world and in ordinary play — which means the four things below matter more than finishing the list.
Recast
Say their sentence back correctly, without asking them to repeat it. Child: “he goed.” You: “he went! Where did he go?”
Expand
Add one or two words to what they said and hand it back. Child: “big truck.” You: “a big red truck!”
Simplify what you ask
Cut a long instruction into single steps and say them in the order they happen, rather than repeating the long one louder.
Follow their lead
Use whatever they are already playing with. A form practiced on something they chose is the one that shows up again tomorrow.
One step: Basic
10 itemsOne action. The difficulty comes from the attributes piled on it: which hand, how fast, how loud. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
One step: Sequential
10 itemsSeveral actions in the order they are given. This is the one people mean by "following directions". Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
One step: Quantitative and spatial
10 itemsA number or a position word carries the meaning: two, both, top, between, in front of. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
One step: Temporal
10 items"Before" and "after", moved around the sentence so the order of the words is not the order of the actions. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
One step: Conditional
10 items"If", with "if not". The child has to check something before deciding what to do. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Two steps: Basic
10 itemsOne action. The difficulty comes from the attributes piled on it: which hand, how fast, how loud. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Two steps: Sequential
10 itemsSeveral actions in the order they are given. This is the one people mean by "following directions". Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Two steps: Quantitative and spatial
10 itemsA number or a position word carries the meaning: two, both, top, between, in front of. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Two steps: Temporal
10 items"Before" and "after", moved around the sentence so the order of the words is not the order of the actions. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Two steps: Conditional
10 items"If", with "if not". The child has to check something before deciding what to do. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Three steps: Basic
10 itemsOne action. The difficulty comes from the attributes piled on it: which hand, how fast, how loud. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Three steps: Sequential
10 itemsSeveral actions in the order they are given. This is the one people mean by "following directions". Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Three steps: Quantitative and spatial
10 itemsA number or a position word carries the meaning: two, both, top, between, in front of. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Three steps: Temporal
10 items"Before" and "after", moved around the sentence so the order of the words is not the order of the actions. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Three steps: Conditional
10 items"If", with "if not". The child has to check something before deciding what to do. Read each one once, at a normal speed, and wait - do not repeat it straight away. Nothing to set up: just the child, a chair, a desk and you. Tap any item to open it full screen.
Patchy's Ice Cream Shop
Open full screenPatchy orders, the child builds it. Pick how many steps and which kind of direction, then drag the cup or cone, the scoops and the toppings onto the counter exactly the way Patchy asked. You decide whether it matches.









